political issues in algeria

Washington, DC 20036. An elected president dominates the political system, but the military, the most significant political force since independence in 1962, still is viewed as the ultimate arbiter of who fills the office. This book is the largest and most systematic analysis of NOCs to date and is suitable for audiences from industry and academia, as well as policymakers. Are individuals free to practice and express their religious faith or nonbelief in public and private? In February, a medical student was killed in his dormitory by two unknown assailants, allegedly because of his perceived homosexuality. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the People's National Assembly and the … Join the Freedom House monthly newsletter, 1850 M St. NW Floor 11 Co-founder Hakim Addad and eight other members were already imprisoned in Harrach by the time Fersaoui was arrested. On Monday, human rights groups accused Tunisia of handing over political activist Slimane Bouhafs to Algeria, after he was sentenced to jail in 2016 for "insulting Islam". In the domestic part, some of the chapters deal with issues seldom tackled in Maghreb studies, namely, the language and identities issues, which are at the forefront of the protest movement since February 2019. Authorities have taken a particular interest in Rassemblement Actions Jeunesse (RAJ), a human rights organization that has supported the Hirak. However, ethnic Berbers have been targeted by the authorities for engaging in political activity. The reconciliation law was also notable for criminalizing public discussion on the fate of the disappeared. Algeria also faces threats from al-Qaeda affiliates, regional tensions, and problematic relations with its neighbors in the wake of the Arab Spring. Upper house speaker and Bouteflika ally Abdelkader Bensalah was named interim president and faced immediate protests due to his association with his predecessor. Part murder mystery, part social history of political violence, Lethal Provocation is a forensic examination of the deadliest peacetime episode of anti-Jewish violence in modern French history. Found insideThe Battle for Algeria offers a new interpretation of the Algerian War (1954-1962) that highlights the social dimensions of the National Liberation Front's winning strategy, specifically its health care and humanitarianism programs, which ... The Hirak denounced the list of candidates for their ties to the old administration and boycotted the election, which earned a historically low turnout rate. Algeria’s elections, which were previously administered by the Interior Ministry, were often subject to government interference, but pressure from protesters forced the government to create a new electoral authority in 2019. France has always been a country of immigration.The most recent waves are the Poles and the Italians before WW2, the Spaniards and Portuguese in the 1950s-1960s, the North-Africans in the 1960s, the Asians in the 1970s and the West-Africans in the 1970s-1980s. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Excerpts) Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966 Entered into force 23 March 1976 . Amir Mohamed Aziz 03.26.2019. A transient, nearly rootless society has emerged, whose cultural continuity has been deeply undermined. The party was banned in the late 1930s and … He was recalled in February 1956 by the Guy Mollet government. Ailing Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika submitted his resignation with immediate effect on Tuesday after unprecedented protests and a call from the army chief for impeachment. Hundreds of thousands of people have flooded into the streets, calling for ailing President Abdelaziz Bouteflika not to run for a fifth term. Private discussion can take place relatively freely when it does not focus on certain sensitive topics. Rebrab denied wrongdoing and was held in custody through the end of 2019. The Egyptian government led by the late President, Gamal Abdel Nasser, supported the Algerian resistance against the French colonialism. Opposition parties and other observers alleged widespread fraud, and media outlets carried videos recorded by voters that appeared to show ballot-box stuffing and other irregularities. In late July, President Bensalah created an expert panel to oversee a national dialogue working group and create what became the AINE, under the leadership of former parliament speaker Karim Younes. Seemingly, only deep religious … Initially viewed with suspicion by the Algerian French community, Soustelle soon came to be regarded as its principal spokesman, favouring the economic and political integration of Algeria with France. Compared with other countries in the region, such as Algeria and Egypt, the Tunisian army has traditionally played only a minor role in politics. If the official name of a state has the words "democratic" and "popular", it is arguably neither. Numerous regulations and their flawed implementation make Algeria one of the most difficult environments in the world in which to establish and operate a business. He resigned under pressure in April, giving way to interim president Abdelkader Bensalah and opening Algeria to a new transitional phase in its domestic affairs. Incomplete Transition: The Algerian transition from an authoritarian to democratic government initiated in 1989 is still underway, Benantar said. Algeria is playing an increasingly important role in the stability and future peaceful relations of the Middle East and North Africa. This book reveals the new forms of activism that are challenging the ever-powerful state. Insiders chalk up the decline to maturing … Macron’s Algeria Report Isn’t Progress, It’s a Whitewash. Prosecutors also summoned former prime minister Ahmed Ouyahia and former finance minister Mohamed Louka to appear in court. Following Algeria’s bloody civil war in the 1990s, the The Constitutional Council reported a record low turnout of just under 40 percent, while one outside expert suggested a figure as low as 20 percent. In March, an appeals court in the capital, Algiers, sentenced Karim Tabbou, head of the unrecognized opposition political party Democratic and Social Union, to one year in prison and a fine for videos published on Facebook in which he criticized the army’s role in politics. Found insideYet, as this book outlines, Algeria was able to negotiate a position for itself between the U.S and the Soviet bloc, winning support from both and becoming a key actor in international affairs. Some basic facts about recent immigration. ↝ 17 Jane E. Goodman (2013) The Man Behind the Curtain: Theatrics of the State in Algeria. Mass protests returned to Algeria this year to demand political changes. Local and regional protests about a diverse range of socio-economic issues have been taking place in Algeria since 2011. Algeria's divided political system has limited time to make critical reforms. Cries of "Algeria, free, democratic" have once again been heard as … Algeria has been a military-backed republic since it … Do individuals enjoy freedom of movement, including the ability to change their place of residence, employment, or education? In June 2019, the government blocked access to news websites Tout sur l'Algérie and Algérie Part without explanation, and more websites were blocked in August. Algeria’s economic ills are often related to its political problems. Are individuals able to exercise the right to own property and establish private businesses without undue interference from state or nonstate actors? Algerians are mixed people with a variety of looks. They can range from looking as white as Scandinavians to black like Sub-Saharan Africans. Many are white and at the same time many aren't. Explores the multiple causes of two decades of political change, social and economic upheaval, and conflict in post-independence Algeria, focusing on the relationship between identity and sociopolitical stability in Algerian nation building ... Permits and receipts of application submission are required to establish and operate NGOs, but organizations often face considerable delays and bureaucratic obstacles when attempting to obtain such documents, leaving them in a legally precarious position. A separate ban on demonstrations is also in force in the capital city of Algiers, but this has been largely ineffective in stopping the Hirak’s activities. Officials have made gradual efforts to address the Amazigh community’s cultural demands. In September, military intelligence officers arrested Karim Tabbou, spokesperson for the Democratic and Social Union (UDS), an unrecognized political party, for “undermining the morale of the army.” Tabbou, a former official in the FFS, had publicly criticized General Gaïd Salah before his arrest; he was provisionally released later that month to await his trial. 1779 Massachusetts Avenue NW This collection addresses major issues such as political reforms and stability, external relations and social conditions to integration into the world economy. To avoid a new era of instability, the government should increase transparency and accountability within state institutions and the private sector, as well as improve opportunities for the country’s burgeoning youth. A court in Algeria has issued arrest warrants for outspoken exiled activists – a former diplomat, a blogger and a journalist – accusing them of seeking to turn a countrywide peaceful protest movement, known as the Hirak, into […] The other two-thirds are indirectly elected by local and provincial assemblies. Political system/Current issues The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria is a sovereign country, gaining its independence from France on the 5th of July 1962. Sub-Committee on trade, industry and customs. Other chapters analyse the role of the elites, the emergence of the new entrepreneurs, the future of energy, gender, media, and human rights, the predicament of the rentier state, and the resource curse. The 1830 invasion was the last chapter of a history marked by clashes between the Algerians and Western powers. After President Bouteflika’s resignation, General Gaïd Salah initiated an anticorruption campaign targeting entrepreneurs and officials linked with the former administration, which he claimed was aimed at reducing the influence and corruption of these groups on domestic political decisions. He supported Arab aspirations for political rights, but he couldn't imagine an … In an increasingly crowded, chaotic, and contested world and marketplace of ideas, the Carnegie Endowment offers decisionmakers global, independent, and strategic insight and innovative ideas that advance international peace. This book brings together Algerian-based scholars and Algerians in the diaspora to address the many, salient issues facing Algeria, the largest country in Africa and the Middle East. A comparative study of the porous intellectual and political borders between a colonial power and the colonized. Are the people’s political choices free from domination by forces that are external to the political sphere, or by political forces that employ extrapolitical means? However, attacks have grown less frequent in recent years, and no terrorist bombings were reported during 2019. 7th meeting – 28 October 2020: Agenda. Inheritance rules favor men over women. Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. LGBT+ people face discrimination and violence for expressing their sexual orientation, and many LGBT+ activists have fled the country. Men of military draft age are not allowed to leave the country without official consent. All rights reserved. Yahia H. Zoubir. The overall domestic situation in Algeria remains relatively stable. Opposition leaders have also been subject to detention and prosecution in 2019. Before the conquest by France in 1830 there did not exist a political entity corresponding to present day Algeria. Judges are appointed by the High Council of the Judiciary, which is led by the president and the justice minister. Exploring Algeria’s transformation, this collection is an original addition to the books on the Maghreb that will be a key resource to students and scholars interested in the developing world, the Middle East, and North Africa. 16 Andrea Liverani refers to this phenomenon as Algeria’s “hyperpluralism” in his 2008 work, Civil Society in Algeria: The Political Functions of Associational Life (Abingdon: Routledge.) Is there academic freedom, and is the educational system free from extensive political indoctrination? Many women make lower wages than men in similar positions, and there are few women in company leadership positions. However, security forces have resorted to the use of tear gas, water cannons, arbitrary arrests, and the excessive use of force to preempt or disrupt some of these rallies. Viewers can access unlicensed private television channels located in Algeria but legally based outside the country, though these are subject to government crackdowns. In June 2019, a Protestant Algerian was sentenced to pay a 50,000 dinar ($420) fine because he set up a tent to host weekly services, after the closure of the local church. Another three Protestant churches, all of them located in the Amazigh-dominated region of Kabylie, were ordered closed in October, with their congregants forcefully removed. Liberal party leader Nabil Karoui, runner-up in Tunisia's 2019 presidential election that saw Kais Saied elected, has been arrested in Algeria … The authorities have occasionally resorted to violence to repress these demonstrations. A new curriculum was introduced as part of these reforms. to change and the limitations of the Hirak have brought Algeria into an unsustainable state of near-catastrophe, likely to come to a head in the coming year. In a separate trial earlier that month, more than 20 activists were fined and sentenced to a year in prison for “threatening national unity.”. Prior to World War II the Party of the Algerian People (Parti du Peuple Algérien) had been founded by Messali Hadj. Egypt-Algeria political relations. Algeria - Algeria - Cultural life: Algerian culture and society were profoundly affected by 130 years of colonial rule, by the bitter independence struggle, and by the subsequent broad mobilization policies of postindependence regimes. Our research is dedicated to harnessing the power of markets and property rights to improve environmental quality. In April, President Bouteflika resigned, following loss of support from the armed forces. Terrorist groups, including Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and the Islamic State militant group, continue to operate in Algeria. Algeria is mostly high plateau and desert. Lengthy delays in bringing cases to trial are common. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. The Executive The Legislative The Judiciary Local Government Political Parties Foreign Policy Algeria’s Military and the FLN: An Endless and Violent Tug of War The Algerian political system and the state’s administrative structure have been remarkably stable since independence in 1962. Do the freely elected head of government and national legislative representatives determine the policies of the government? These events have since continued to shape political developments not only in Algeria, but … In October, the NGO’s president, Abdelouhab Fersaoui, was arrested and detained in the Harrach prison in Algiers. The president appoints one-third of the members of the upper legislative house, the Council of the Nation, which has 144 members serving six-year terms. The Sephardic Jews were considered honorary Frenchmen. The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria has a total population of about 35.5 million people with the population growth rate around 1.17%. The government plays a dominant role in the economy, leaving little room for private competitors. © 2021 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Algeria’s political system is dominated by a strong presidency. The 1990s in Algeria were tumultuous. However, much of the literature suggests that Algeria was not greatly affected by the protests emerging from the ‘Arab Spring’. President Abdel-Aziz Bouteflika’s health is ailing and his term ends in 2014, raising questions about the legitimacy and stability of the political system. Parties dominated by the ethnic Amazigh (Berber) community, like the Rally for Culture and Democracy (RCD) and the Socialist Forces Front (FFS), are allowed to operate, but their activities are curtailed by the military. However, Algeria’s National Union of Judges threatened to resume its strike later in late November 2019, accusing the justice minister of reneging on their agreement. This timely book is devoted to Algeria's linguistic predicament and the underlying disagreements over notions of identity, power, and belonging.What problems arise when a new national language is adopted by a postcolonial state? Found insideIn this lucid and gripping account, Martin Evans and John Phillips explore Algeria's recent and very bloody history, demonstrating how the high hopes of independence turned into anger as young Algerians grew increasingly alienated. This book presents a detailed survey of language attitudes, conflicts and policies over the period from 1830, when the French occupied Algeria, up to 2012, the year this country celebrated its 50th anniversary of independence. What existed before were tribal domains and larger kingdoms. Authorities generally do not interfere directly with the operations of universities, but debate is circumscribed in practice due to restrictive laws that target the entire population. After Algeria’s Constitutional Council rejected two presidential candidates in June and delayed the election scheduled for July, former prime minister Abdelmajid Tebboune was elected president in a December poll. In April 2019, human rights lawyer Salah Dabouz was arrested over of a series of Facebook posts, in which he criticized the court in the northern town of Ghardaïa over its discriminatory attitude toward the Mozabite Berber minority. Found insideA journalist and best-selling author of Imperial Grunts offers a close-up study of the American military on land, in the air, and at sea, furnishing a ground-level profile of the global war on terrorism, as well as how the U.S. Navy ... Thus Algeria per se was created by France. Women hold only 26 percent of seats in the lower house, and 7 percent in the upper house of Parliament. Cronyism is also a major obstacle to private enterprise, with businesspeople not aligned with the regime often facing harassment by the authorities. In the December election, former prime minister Abdelmajid Tebboune won the presidency in the first round with 58 percent of the vote, followed by former tourism minister Abdelkader Bengrina with 17 percent, former prime minister Ali Benflis with 11 percent, and former culture minister Azzedine Mihoubi with 7 percent. Algeria, one of North Africa’s largest producers of oil and gas, is currently going through serious political and economic turmoil. The "Muslims" had been expelled from Spain A 2009 law criminalized all forms of trafficking in persons, and Algeria reported its first conviction under the law in 2015. The military is the heir to Algeria’s long struggle for independence from France, and has remained the most significant political force since independence in 1962. This came during a joint press statement by Çavuşoğlu and his Algerian counterpart, Ramtane Lamamra on Saturday, after talks they held in the Algerian capital on regional and international issues such as … Algeria: Current Issues Congressional Research Service 2 Figure 1. Local and regional protests about a diverse range of socio-economic issues have been taking place in Algeria since 2011. The military is the heir to Algeria’s long struggle for independence from France, and has remained the most significant political force since independence in 1962. Women have also been subject to public campaigns of violence and intimidation; a spate of acid attacks against women gained public attention in the 1990s. In early 2019, NGOs demanded the repeal of the law on associations. Does due process prevail in civil and criminal matters? For Algeria, Morocco has not honored any of these commitments. In 2019, Algeria expelled thousands of migrants, mostly from Niger. Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Quran, hadith literature, and sunnah (the sayings and living habits of the Islamic prophet Muhammad), history of Islam, and elements of political movements outside Islam. Nevertheless, LGBT+ Algerians face mistreatment at the hands of police, discrimination at the hands of health providers, and discrimination in the workplace. The courts are subject to political influence and are susceptible to corruption ().Firms do not perceive the courts as effective in settling disputes or in challenging government regulations (GCR 2015-2016).Algerians perceive the judiciary to be the most corrupt public institution, with almost three … Washington, DC 20036-2103. Despite Bensalah’s appointment, army chief of staff General Ahmed Gaïd Salah was considered the country’s de facto ruler in Bouteflika’s stead. Land. Trading with Algeria Allegations of torture have decreased since the end of the war, but human rights activists still accuse the police of using excessive force and abusing detainees.

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