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—, 8) der feine Körper (vgl. Inference, probable conclusion. 39.] 2. What is the meaning of sexes (liṅga)? Addeddate 2014-06-12 07:51:25 Identifier lingapurana Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t56d8hx8c Ocr language not currently OCRable Ppi 600 Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.5.2 Pease nimnlikhit ka ling badalne me help karein 1. [8][31][33] The word lingam appears in early Upanishads, but the context suggests that it simply means "sign" such as "smoke is a sign of fire", states Doniger. ...] gender (in gram. [1][7][8] Lingam iconography found at archaeological sites of the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia includes simple cylinders set inside a yoni; mukhalinga rounded pillars with carvings such as of one or more mukha (faces); and anatomically realistic representations of a phallus such as at Gudimallam. mark of sex, sexual characteristic, pudendum (male as well as female, as neither m. nor f.) Vin. Liṅga (लिङ्ग):—(wohl von lag wie lakṣa, lakṣman, lakṣmī) n. am Ende eines adj. WILSON, Sel. 3 The Phallus or emblematic representation of Shiva. tatsaliṅgābhirāśīrbhiḥ an ihn gerichtet [Mahābhārata 7, 2141.] Panini as well as Patanjali additionally mention lingam with the contextual meaning of the "gender". 17.] 5; 2) Liṅga.—Proof, evidence (प्रमाण (pramāṇa)); the word is often used in the Paribhāșendușekhara and other works in connection with a rule or part of a rule quoted as an evidence to deduce some general dictum or Paribhāșā; 3) Liṅga.—Gender; cf. So, the term liṅga is used here in the sense of anumāpaka or hetu (mark). A part of the literature corpus regards lingam to be sexual and the phallus of Shiva, while another group of texts does not. (pulliṅga Masculine, strīliṅga Feminine, napuṃsakaliṅga Neuter.) rājaliṅgāni [Mahābhārata 1, 2878.] Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "the cross is thus a sign both of Christ himself and of the faith of Christians. 58,53. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. 8. in the passage kupito makara-dhvajaḥ the word kupita restricts the meaning of makara-dhvaja to ‘Kāma’) = liṅga-purāṇa, [Bhāgavata-purāṇa], 19) [v.s. See more ideas about sanskrit mantra, sanskrit quotes, vedic mantras. Lingam definition, the masculine gender. अलंकार - अलंकार की परिभाषा, भेद, उदाहरण, Hindi Grammar July 09, 2019 सर्वनाम - सर्वनाम के भेद, परिभाषा, उदाहरण - Sarvanam ke bhed 1.36, II.2.29, II.4.12, IV. Burton used the terms lingam and yoni instead throughout the translation. Liṅga (लिङ्ग).—[neuter] mark, sign, emblem, badge, characteristic, attribute, sectarian mark; proof, means of proof, evidence ([jurisprudence]); organ of generation, [especially] the male organ of Śiva ([ritual or religion]); idol i. and Kaumudï, with their different branches of grammatical Page 2/9 [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 6, 23. Like . ...] = prātipadika, the crude base or uninflected stem of a noun (shortened into li), [Vopadeva [Scholiast or Commentator]], 18) [v.s. [Prātiśākhya zur Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 4, 170.] ...] = vyakta, [cf. 3063. [26] However, adds Parpola, a re-examination at Indus Valley sites suggest that the Mackay's hypothesis cannot be ruled out because erotic and sexual scenes such as ithyphallic males, naked females, a human couple having intercourse and trefoil imprints have now been identified at the Harappan sites. For other uses, see. 5, 1, 7. [74] In his translation, even though the original Sanskrit text does not use the words lingam or yoni for sexual organs, and almost always uses other terms, Burton adroitly avoided being viewed as obscene to the Victorian mindset by avoiding the use of words such as penis, vulva, vagina and other direct or indirect sexual terms in the Sanskrit text to discuss sex, sexual relationships and human sexual positions. ūrdhva [?12,1669. It was all effulgence. It remains a continuing debate within Hinduism to this day, states Doniger. लिङ्ग स्त्रीलिङ्गपुंलिङ्गनपुंसकानि (liṅga strīliṅgapuṃliṅganapuṃsakāni) Kāś. Lingam, (Sanskrit: “sign” or “distinguishing symbol”) also spelled linga, in Hinduism, a votary object that symbolizes the god Shiva and is revered as an emblem of generative power. Similarly, in Sanskrit, gender is known as “linga”, and like English, Sanskrit has also three lingas; “pumlinga” (masculine), “strilinga” (feminine), and “napumsaklinga” (neuter). the masculine gender. [95] The term Lingayat is based on the practice of both genders of Lingayats wearing an iṣṭaliṅga (also called karasthala-linga) contained inside a box with a necklace all the time. There is a hymn in the Atharvaveda that praises a pillar (Sanskrit: stambha), and this is one possible origin of linga worship. Replies. [62], There is persuasive evidence in later Sanskrit literature, according to Doniger, that the early Indians associated the lingam icon with the male sexual organ. 102,12.] talliṅgānām [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 22, 3, 19.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 16, 4.] 2, 1, 14. 54,a,15. 206, 11; cf. : liṅgaṃ svakāraṇe layaṃ gacchatīti, [137.] [C18: from Sanskrit] Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014. This view is shared by K.R. [GAUḌAP.] solche Abzeichen habend [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtra 22,3,19.]. Oxforder Handschriften.8,a. noun (in Sanskrit grammar) the masculine gender the Hindu phallic image of the god Siva the penis n. “phallic emblem under which Siva is worshipped,” 1719, from Sanskrit linga (nominative lingam) “mark, token, sign, emblem,” of unknown origin. linga definition in English dictionary, linga meaning, synonyms, see also 'lingam',lingua',ling',ligan'. [52] [53] [54] The author of classical Sanskrit grammar treatise, Panini, states that the verbal root ling which means "paint, variegate", has … 18) Inference, conclusion; अव्यक्तमिति विज्ञेयं लिङ्गग्राह्यमतीन्द्रियम् (avyaktamiti vijñeyaṃ liṅgagrāhyamatīndriyam) Mb.12.189.15. ...] the sign of gender or sex, organ of generation, [Manu-smṛti; Harivaṃśa; Purāṇa] etc. 1, 8, 37. Or: About | Contact | Preferences | Using the Site. Lingashtakam - English | Vaidika Vignanam. on P. II. 15) The nominal base, the crude form of a noun (prātipadika). It has also been used by Jaina and Buddhist scholars, the latter primarily Mahāyāna Buddhists. 192,a,40.b, No. 69, 153.] [26] He quotes Dales 1984 paper, which states "with the single exception of the unidentified photography of a realistic phallic object in Marshall's report, there is no archaeological evidence to support claims of special sexually-oriented aspects of Harappan religion". The premises leading to a conclusion. [38] The key detail to be noted in this earliest representation of the “mark” of God is that the phallic representation points up in an illustration of the centrality of the energetic principle of Urdhva Retas (upward flow of energy) in spiritual pursuits. wisdomlib - the greatest source of ancient and modern knowledge; Like what you read? der feine Körper , das Urbild des groben , sichtbaren Körpers , das durch den Tod nicht vernichtet wird. [15] Since the 19th-century, states Dasgupta, the popular literature has represented the lingam as the male sex organ. — Vgl. The predicate of a proposition. Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Being a Practical Handbook With Translation, Accentuation, and Etymological Analysis Throughout 1893 1893 by MacDonell, Arthur Anthony, 1854-1930 6. 10. 86.] [30], According to the Indologist Asko Parpola, "it is true that Marshall's and Mackay's hypotheses of linga and yoni worship by the Harappans has rested on rather slender grounds, and that for instance the interpretation of the so-called ring-stones as yonis seems untenable". Gender, Ling in Hindi :जिस संज्ञा शब्द से व्यक्ति की जाति का पता चलता है उसे लिंग कहते हैं। Hindi में Ling निर्णय करने की विधि एवं प्रकार। [Oxforder Handschriften 184,b,6. In almost all the temples of Shiva, Shiva is shown in the form of a linga.. [14][note 1], According to Alex Wayman, given the Shaiva philosophical texts and spiritual interpretations, various works on Shaivism by some Indian authors "deny that the linga is a phallus". The gender of a word in Sanskrit language does not depend on any specific properties of a thing; it simply depends on the current usage; cf. 5) (In logic) The hetu or middle term in a syllogism; particularly the assertion of the hetu's being found in the पक्ष (pakṣa) or minor term coupled with the statement of the invariable concomitance between this hetu and the major term; it is thus defined:-व्याप्तिपक्षधर्मतावल्लिङ्गम् (vyāptipakṣadharmatāvalliṅgam) Tarka K. 7) Sex; गुणाः पूजास्थानं गुणिषु न च लिङ्गं न च वयः (guṇāḥ pūjāsthānaṃ guṇiṣu na ca liṅgaṃ na ca vayaḥ) U.4.11. It is that in which all diversities remain dissolved or undifferentiated or potentially present and from which they are originated. 12) One of the relations or indications (such as saṃyoga, viyoga, sāhacarya &c.) which serve to fix the meaning of a word in any particular passage; e. g. in कुपितो मकरध्वजः (kupito makaradhvajaḥ) the word कुपित (kupita) restricts the meaning of मकरध्वज (makaradhvaja) to 'Kāma'; see K. P.2 and commentary ad loc. The lingam (, also linga, ling, Shiva linga, Shiv ling, meaning sign, symbol or phallus) is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu deity, Shiva, used for worship in temples, smaller shrines, or as self-manifested natural objects.In traditional Indian society, the linga is rather seen as a symbol of the energy and potential of God, Shiva himself. u.] By calling this form “linga,” the yogis set up a dynamic interplay between name and object. Many books written by Hindus also state that the Shiv Linga is Shiva’s Phallus. KĀṬY. Discover the meaning of linga in the context of India history from relevant books on Exotic India. 5) [v.s. [15][72][73] To the Hindus, particularly the Shaivites, these icons and ideas were the abstract, a symbol of the entirety of creation and spirituality. Pravishan which dhaatu , vachana ,linga (sanskrit grammar) Get the answers you need, now! Finally, Pierre Hadot's perspective of philosophy is taken in relation to the primary question of this dissertation, i.e. Lingam definition, the masculine gender. Sanskrit Grammar Bhagavata in Sanskrit are extremely easy to understand, for Sanskrit grammar is the gateway to education. 156.] Learn and understand gender of sanskrit words & their usage. After completion of His Cosmic dance, Siva sounded His Damaru as the Universe was being created. [citation needed], Banalinga are the lingam which are found on the bed of the Narmada river. so v.a. indra Adj. 5. (ˈlɪŋɡəm ) or linga (ˈlɪŋɡə ) noun. Liṅga (लिङ्ग, “sign”).—One of the seven sub categories of ascetics (nirgrantha-muni);—What are the peculiarities amongst different kind of ascetics with reference to ‘the sign’ (liṅga)? Since God is beyond name and form and since we can’t conceive of an abstract principle like Him, without the aid of concrete symbols, a rounder surface is perhaps the nearest approach to him. 159, 14.] Linga means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi. fg.] ; cf. Know more about Ling ke bhed / prakar in detail. [99][100] Hindu scripture rates crystal as the highest form of Siva lingam. Linga, definition, meaning, English dictionary, synonym, see also 'lingam',lingua',ling',ligan', Reverso dictionary, English definition, English vocabulary 11. The absence of linga, states Parpola, maybe because it was made from wood which did not survive.[26]. 7) [v.s. The Purāṇas indicate the custom of establishing such liṅgas at holy places; and in that case the liṅga bears the name of the person who has established it, with the word īśa or īśvara attached at the end e.g. [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 31, 3.] Sk. —, 4) Geschlechtszeichen, Geschlechtsglied [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 3, 26. Did you know the word "sandwich" is named for a person? Koyal 2. [12][13][14], Lingam, states Monier Monier-Williams, appears in the Upanishads and epic literature, where it means a "mark, sign, emblem, characteristic". ; तदेव सक्तः सह कर्मणैति लिङ्गं मनो यत्र निषक्तमस्य (tadeva saktaḥ saha karmaṇaiti liṅgaṃ mano yatra niṣaktamasya) Bṛ. Gender, (as puṃliṅgaḥ the masculine gender, &c.) 9. 7, 2141.] Definition, Synonyms, Translations of lingam by The Free Dictionary But I was completely ignorant of the grammar of the language. Facebook; Twitter; You might like. 40.] [63][64] However, the Sanskrit literature corpus is not consistent. ...] cf. 2. —, 9) etwas Entstandenes und daher wieder zu Nichte werdendes [The Sankhya Philosophy 1,124.136.] [48] Lord Shiva is pictured as emerging from the lingam – the cosmic pillar of fire – proving his superiority over the gods Brahma and Vishnu. Here, the term liṅga has been used to denote the anumāpaka of pradhāna. 3. ac . Discover the meaning of linga in the context of General definition from relevant books on Exotic India. [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 3, 19, 28. 42,a,11. [Harivaṃśa 4942.] 5.] ...] = liṅgaśarīra (in Vedānta), 12) [v.s. Khatmal 3. sharadhikudige62 sharadhikudige62 05.12.2020 World Languages Secondary School Pravishan which dhaatu , vachana ,linga (sanskrit grammar) 1 See answer sharadhikudige62 is … [Kathāsaritsāgara 51, 95.] [1], According to Wendy Doniger, for many Hindus, the lingam is not a "male sexual organ" but of a spiritual icon and their faith, just like for the Christians the cross is not an "instrument of execution" but a symbol of Christ and the Christian faith. liṅgāntare vartamānāḥ (dasyavaḥ) [12, 2439] und liṅgavṛtti . Thanks! The online hypertext Sanskrit dictionary is meant for spoken Sanskrit. —, 5) das grammatische Geschlecht [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 69.] A spot. 7. 13,1160. [Amarakoṣa 3, 6, 8, 42.] How many types of sexes are there? Lingam, (Sanskrit: “sign” or “distinguishing symbol”) also spelled linga, in Hinduism, a votary object that symbolizes the god Shiva and is revered as an emblem of generative power. Pronouns in the first ("I") and second ("you") persons do not have gender, but all other pronouns do. The online hypertext Sanskrit dictionary is meant for spoken Sanskrit. (in Sanskrit grammar) the masculine gender. 12. All existences are unified in liṅga which is the ultimate ground and final end of phenomenal beings. Though to infer puruṣa, prakṛti (pradhāna) is used as a liṅga, still prakṛti is not a liṅga for the inference of itself. [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 19.] The similarity of the concept of gender between English and Sanskrit shows … Liṅga (लिङ्ग).—The worship of Liṅga on the earth is the fruit of a quarrel between Brahmā and Viṣṇu. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world. [Scholiast] zu [Kātyāyana’s Śrautasūtrāṇi 24, 4. [citation needed], A lingam is also the basis for the formation legend (and name) of the Borra Caves in Andhra Pradesh. [63] To some Shaivites, it symbolizes the axis of the universe. Thanks! A collection of spiritual and devotional literature in various Indian languages in Sanskrit, Samskrutam, Hindia, Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, Gujarati, Bengali, Oriya, English scripts with pdf Discover the meaning of linga in the context of Marathi from relevant books on Exotic India. Up.4.4.6. ), 300 (itthi°); DhsA. Sanskrit Dictionaries; Sanskrit Grammar. 122, 7. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Evidence. 9, 4, 26. Spokensanskrit - An English - Sanskrit dictionary: This is an online hypertext dictionary for Sanskrit - English and English - Sanskrit. (=saṇṭhāna SnA 464); Vin. linga. 2) [v.s. Consider supporting this website: from the breadth of the adytum of the temple; from the height of the base of the temple. Various grammatical aspects of Kannada include, tatsama–tadbhava, vibhakti pratyaya, kāla (tense-forms), linga (gender-forms), sandhi, samāsa, chandassu, alańkāra; and different poetrical metres such as vritta , tripadi , kanda (also called, choupadi or chaturpadi ), shatpadi , sāngatya and others. Another postage stamp sized item found and called the Pashupati seal, states Doniger, has an image with a general resemblance with Shiva and "the Indus people may well have created the symbolism of the divine phallus", but given the available evidence we cannot be certain, nor do we know that it had the same meaning as some currently project them to might have meant. Discover the meaning of linga in the context of Vyakarana from relevant books on Exotic India. The Linga-Cult is traced to the Rigveda where the Vedic Aryans swear at the barbarians describing them as shishnadevas (people to whom the Phallus is a god). 4. 2. a. the Hindu phallic image of the god Siva. 11) The image of a god, an idol; धत्तेऽसावात्मनो लिङ्गं मायया विसृजन् गुणान् (dhatte'sāvātmano liṅgaṃ māyayā visṛjan guṇān) Bhāg.7.2.22. 64 (=saṇṭhāna Tīkā: Expos. [49][24][34] According to the Linga Purana, the lingam is a complete symbolic representation of the formless Universe Bearer – the oval-shaped stone is the symbol of the Universe, and the bottom base represents the Supreme Power that holds the entire Universe in it. 28.] —, 8) der feine Körper , das Urbild des groben , sichtbaren Körpers , das durch den Tod nicht vernichtet wird. The technique of the making of a Linga is furnished in detail. It is characteristic of contemporary formal paradigms in Linguistics to choose to ignore all that pertains to cognition and meaning in the grammatical theories that comprise the Indian linguistic tradition. [Halāyudha 5, 86.] zu [SĀṂKHYAK. 69,155. linga) 1. characteristic, sign, attribute, mark, feature M. I, 360; S. V, 278; Sn. 3, 3, 69.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha.2,47.] Rāmāyaṇa.7,31,42. Sanskrit Grammar - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Share . [grammar]; gender ([grammar]), the subtile frame or body (ph.). Art of Mathura, circa 100 BCE. 13. fg. 1) Liṅga (लिङ्ग):—[from liṅg] n. (once m. in [Nṛsiṃha-tāpanīya-upaniṣad]; ifc. Everyday, the devotee removes this personal linga from its box, places it in left palm, offers puja and then meditates about becoming one with the linga, in his or her journey towards the atma-linga. 11) = vyaktaṃ sāṃkhyoditam [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 69.] 1, 2, 17.] [22] According to Swami Vivekananda, the Shiva-linga had origins in the idea of Yupa-Stambha or Skambha of the Vedic rituals, where the term meant the sacrificial post which was then idealized as the eternal Brahman. That’s right, the lunchbox special enveloping all food groups between two slices of bread is named for the 4th Earl of Sandwich, an English aristocrat who lived in the 1700s. (in Sanskrit grammar) the masculine gender. 1) Kennzeichen, Abzeichen, Merkmal, das Charakteristische, τεκμήριον; daher Stichwort und dergl. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions. What causes different types of sexes? Vgl. Learn sanskrit grammar 57,4. 4. The historic lingam iconography has included: A lingam may be made of clay (mrinmaya), metal (lohaja), precious stone (ratnaja), wood (daruja), stone (sailaja, most common), or a disposal material (kshanika). A famous verse in Sage Panini’s Ashtadhyayi says that the Panini grammar that is in use now is graced by Lord Shiva. Symptom or mark of disease. _ . A mark, a spot, a stain, a sign, a token, &c. 2. yena liṅgena yo deśo yuktaḥ samupalakṣyate . ...] any assumed or false badge or mark, guise, disguise, [Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc. ...] inference, conclusion, reason (cf. Spokensanskrit - An English - Sanskrit dictionary: This is an online hypertext dictionary for Sanskrit - English and English - Sanskrit. Works I,223. ...] a sign of guilt, corpus delicti, [Yājñavalkya [Scholiast or Commentator]]. —, 14) so v.a. It is very popular with pilgrims. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article. The following chapters (349-359) deal with the rules of Sanskrit grammar, which is an abstract of the Chandra Vyakarana. [17] The construction method, proportions and design is described in Shaiva Agama texts. Vivekananda called for the revival of the Mother Goddess as a feminine force, inviting his countrymen to "proclaim her to all the world with the voice of peace and benediction". There are many schools of grammar in the Sanskrit language. Liṅga (लिङ्ग, “mark of anything”).—The existence of avyakta can be inferred on the basis of vyakta. And grammar is almost everything in sanskrit. kāvya-l), 11) [v.s. it is claimed as among the largest known sphatika self formed (Swayambhu) lingams. For this reason, vyakta is called liṅga (mark) of the inference of avyakta. Liṅgā (लिङ्गा):—One of the twelve guṇas associated with Gola, the sixth seat of the Svādhiṣṭhāna-chakra. The stone lingam is clearly a detailed representation of an erect phallus, with a figure of Shiva carved on the front, holding an antelope and axe in his hands. [85] Some lingams are miniaturized and they are carried on one's person, such as by Lingayats in a necklace. —, 3) Beweismittel, τεκμήριον; = sādhana, vyāpya [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 2, 11.] The Rigveda alludes to phallus worship by the indigenous, non-Vedic people; the term śiśnadeva occurs twice in the Rigveda (7.21.5 and 10.99.3) where it means "phallus-god" or "having the phallus for a god" (śiśna- "phallus", deva- "god"), contemptuously referring to the non-Vedic people's religious practices. The word Puranas (Sanskrit: पुराण, purāṇa) literally means "ancient, old", and it is a vast genre of Indian literature about a wide range of topics, particularly myths, legends and other traditional lore. Liṅgas are almost always set up in pedestals known as the piṇḍikā or pīṭha. ṛtuliṅgāni [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 1, 30.] According to Nirukta (4.19) the word Linga means “lustful”. 3, 114.] ... LINGA ASHTAKAM-SANSKRIT DEVOTIONAL. devānāṃ yāni liṅgāni [Mahābhārata 3, 2204.] ...] a proof, evidence, [Kaṇāda’s Vaiśeṣika-sūtra; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha], 4) [v.s. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences. ). Samkhya (सांख्य, Sāṃkhya) is a dualistic school of Hindu philosophy (astika) and is closeley related to the Yoga school. [1] Priests chant hymns, while the devotees go the sanctum for a darshana followed by a clockwise circumambulation of the sanctum. in Chr. As explained in earlier lessons, Sanskrit has a fixed set of Dhatus or root words, and each Dhatu has a predefinedmeaning. Or one third of that should be visible. a = avyakta ebend. 3, 2927.] M. Bh. [SĀṂKHYAK. [Patañjali] bei [GOLD. (Hinduism) a. the Hindu phallic image of the god Siva. The lingam appears in Shaivite temples and in private shrines throughout India. only in viṣṇu-liṅgī; [probably] [from] √lag; cf. n. 1. 4, 12, 18. fgg. SARVADARŚANAS. 4, 26.] (in popular Hinduism) a phallus, symbol of Siva. [Religious Thought and Life in India 30], 17) [v.s. Liṅga (symbol of Śiva) refers to one of the several “attributes” (āyudha) or “accessories” of a detiy commonly seen depicted in Hindu iconography, defined according to texts dealing with śilpa (arts and crafs), known as śilpaśāstras.—The śilpa texts have classified the various accessories under the broad heading of āyudha or karuvi (implement), including even flowers, animals, and musical instruments.

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