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“A new Company name is part of a larger rebranding effort around neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease,” said Remi Barbier, Chairman, President & CEO of … The rapid geographic expansion of the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) pandemic, caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses, and outbreaks of cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) from Uganda and other parts of East Africa, caused by potyviruses, have devastated cassava crops in most African countries (Legg et al., 2006). Cassava residue is mainly used for producing animal feed, fermentative production of biogas, in culture media for mushrooms, and as a fuel. Increased economic efficiency of second-generation ethanol processes could greatly increase the carbon efficiency of cassava ethanol and processing plant, thereby increasing the benefits that can be realized in terms of GHG emission reductions. Young tender leaves can be used as a potherb, containing high levels of protein(8-10% F.W.). Cassava is used for tiredness, dehydration in people with diarrhea, sepsis, and to induce labor, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Cassava is one of the starchy tuber crops grown in many countries of Asia, Latin America, and Africa. A web page providing general knowledge on scientific names of common plants, fruits, vegetables and some common trees including scientific name of mehndi, pudina, ginger, turmeric, grains and cereals. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A key drawback to the wider adoption of this approach, however, is the variability in effectiveness of the approach in relation both to the virus inoculum pressure of the location, as well as the relative susceptibility of the cultivar. International Common Names. Significant increases in the incidence and distribution of the disease were recorded later from 2007 to 2011 in Uganda, western Kenya and the Lake Victoria zone of Tanzania. In addition, temperature and the intrinsic interaction of virus and plant host influence the effectiveness of silencing and the level of resistance achieved. manihotis, and in Palau is it recorded as Bacterium robici, a much older name.. Distribution. A number of LCA studies have also shown the importance of improved cassava varieties for higher crop yields and the use of an integrated biorefinery approach to utilize waste products to increase bioethanol yields per crop. A Kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank. Given the huge impact that CMD has on the production of one of the world’s most important staple food crops, the widespread adoption of science-based strategies to control may be essential if the food security of hundreds of millions of cassava-dependent households in Africa and elsewhere is to be assured. The fleshy roots are reminiscent of dahlia tubers. The standard spacing for cassava is 1m by 1m but recently, farmers have started using 1m by 0.75m. Bioethanol From Biorenewable Feedstocks: Technology, Economics, and Challenges, Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Emerging and Re-Emerging Plant Viruses☆, Cassava as Feedstock for Ethanol Production: A Global Perspective. Cassava is an annual crop broadly cultivated for use in producing starch and alcohol, and amongst other products yielding a considerable quantity of cassava waste. Cassava is also one of the widely cultivated and utilized crops in the world. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Roguing is considered to be of value within the framework of institutional programs for the multiplication of CMD-resistant germplasm, in view of the requirement for the production of high-quality planting material. T. Shigaki, in Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 2016. In Brazil, transgenic common beans resistant to BGMV were released in 2011 as a commercial variety. Q. Liu, ... S. He, in Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, 2014. It must be properly prepared before consumption. Manihot esculenta Crantz. Scientific Name and Common Name; Kingdom: Plantae – Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plants … For example, in India itself 1100 cassava processing units are there, which produce 1.46 million tons of starch from 8.74 million tons of cassava. It is cultivated throughout the tropical world for its tuberous roots, from which cassava flour, breads, tapioca, a … Most notably, certification guidelines for cassava have been developed and appended to Seed Acts in countries such as Nigeria, Rwanda and Tanzania. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. This new cassava spacing seems to be productive in areas have experienced it and I think it is good enough to increase yield and income. Cassava is an important industrial crop in many countries. Besides being transmitted by the whitefly, for which numerous invasive species have been described, transmission via human-mediated transport of infected stems is today postulated to play an important role in the spread of CMGs and CBSD. Its production is moving toward an industrialized system in which plant material is used for a variety of products including starch, flour, and animal feed. Cassava probably was first cultivated by the Maya in Yucatán. Aderemi and Nworgu (2007) conducted a study to enhance the nutritional importance of cassava root sieviate and peel through biodegradation by A. niger. Splicing of the intron upon transcription generates a “hairpin” dsRNA that is targeted by the plants RNA silencing machinery. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, family Euphorbiaceae) is vulnerable to at least 20 different viruses, of which those causing cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) are the most economically important. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The most serious pests of cassava are generally those that have coevolved with the crop, especially the cassava green mite (CGM; Mononychellus tanajoa), mealybugs (Phenacoccus herreni and Phenacoccus manihoti), whitefly (Aleurotrachelus socialis and Aleurotrachelus aepim), hornworm (Erinnyis ello), lacebugs (Vatiga illudens), and stemborers (Chilomina clarkei) (Bellotti et al., 2012). However, CRISPR-Cas9 did not show any difference to the wild-type susceptible plants because of the emergence of a cleavage mutant of ACMV in transgenic plants. Cassava green mottle nepovirus. The selection of cleavage resistant mutants, as shown for ACMV, or new virus mutants that evade the sequence-specific action of transgene derived RNAi in TYLCV transgenic plants or ACMV transgenic cassava demonstrate the challenges of any of the engineering strategies employing targeting sequences of a replicating virus. Broad spectrum resistance against several CMGs e.g., ACMV, EACMCV, and SLCMV can be achieved when there is sufficient sequence homology between the siRNAs and transcripts of the viruses. Conventional host plant resistance is the most widely practiced control measure for CMD. Manihot utilissima Pohl. In cassava, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to engineer resistance to ACMV targeting AC2 and AC3 with a single sgRNA. The methods most widely recommended have been the removal of infected plants (roguing) or the selection of disease-free planting material for the establishment of a new crop (selection). Cassava peel and sieviate, which are by-products of cassava yield used for the bioethanol or biogas production when it is subjected to the combined alkaline and enzymatic pretreatment. Additional cassava products include an alcoholic beverage known as kasiri that is made by Indians in South America, the powdery casabe cakes of Yucatán, and tapioca, the only cassava product on northern markets. Cassava is a high-GI crop, but in Congo, consumption of cassava is not related to body mass index (BMI) or insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). With more information on functional networks and genes involved in vital virus functions, CRISPR-Cas9, RNAi or similar approaches will be increasingly used for the editing or interfering with expression of host genes to achieve virus resistance in cassava. The causal virus has now spread to many. Cassava originated in South America and was introduced to Africa in relatively recent times. Cassava cake wrapped in banana leaf sold at Arawa Market, Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. However, the view that CBSD is a lowland disease remained unchanged until 2004, when a significant spread of CBSD occurred in central and southern Uganda at altitudes above 1000 m asl. An increase in cassava-based ethanol production in South Eastern Asian countries has had a global market effect on the price of cassava as exports from mainly Thailand was redirected from Europe where it is used for feed to China for bioethanol production. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. USDA Agricultural Research Service, Washington DC, Washington, D.C., United States, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Cassava Mosaic Viruses (Geminiviridae)☆, Food Crop Production by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa, CBSD was initially known to be limited to East Africa—particularly in coastal areas of Tanzania where it constituted one of the major constraints to. However, this can be addressed by using multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 with multiple sgRNAs to target virus complexes, as shown for the control of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). Unripe fruit may have black necrotic spots that extend to the fleshy tissues beneath. Be aware, however, notice is given that botanical (scientific) names of plants change periodically as taxonomic work refines plant groupings. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the disease is also spread by a whitefly vector, Bemisia afer, which is often found in high population densities on lower cassava leaves. Previously, it was known as Xanthomonas. Lesions then extend into the cortex and are not easily seen once the bark has formed. For these traits, as for many others related to environmental stress, a thorough knowledge of the target production area for variety adaptation provides the best guidelines for conditions of screening and selection. French: manioc. Since Nigeria is the world’s largest producer of cassava, and since its cassava crop is widely affected by CMD, this development offers significant promise for the future release of GM CMD-resistant cassava varieties. The company is … Species Manihot esculenta Crantz – cassava P Enter a scientific or common name at any rank. Cassava fries are popular in Central and South American countries and Malaysia. Brown streaks on a cassava leaf (left) and deteriorated tubers caused by the cassava brown streak disease (right). Crop isolation, adjusting crop disposition in relation to the prevailing wind, varying planting date, varietal mixtures, and intercropping cassava with other ‘putative’ protective crops have all been suggested at various times as potentially useful control options for CMGs. Corrections? Thus RNAi strategies may protect plants against DNA viruses as shown also for other crops including cotton as well as cassava, by boosting the antiviral defense. (2003) reported that the disease has become widespread during the last decade in Malawi, causing considerable cassava yield losses. • Trace Elements in Cassava Flour: Study evaluated the concentrations of trace elements in 10 commercially available cassava flours. To what country is the mung bean native? It was reported that a soluble dietary fiber yields of 75.63% and 37.55% were obtained. Ambayeba Muimba-Kankolongo, in Food Crop Production by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa, 2018, CBSD was initially known to be limited to East Africa—particularly in coastal areas of Tanzania where it constituted one of the major constraints to cassava production (Storey, 1936; Nichols, 1950). Based on recommended daily intake for adults, 10 g/day of cassava flour provides 5.3% of daily intake of Cu, Fe 0.5-1.2%, Ca 0.5%. Cassava is the third largest source of … Furthermore, this is a move that could provide a signal for other countries similarly affected by cassava viruses to follow suit. The report will display the kingdom and all descendants leading down to the name you choose. In the scientific classification of plants from kingdom to species, the Variegated Cassava Kingdom is an important factor in the taxonomy of plants. Cassava, (Manihot esculenta), also called manioc, mandioca, or yuca, tuberous edible plant of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) from the American tropics. These guidelines include maximum tolerance levels for CMD incidence. Cassava, when dried to a powdery extract, is called tapioca. Different varieties range from low herbs to branching shrubs and slender unbranched trees. CASSAVA-BIO FUEL CROP 1 2. Cassava pone (Caribbean countries): Cassava pone is a dessert originated from Trinidad and Tobago, but it became popular also in other Caribbean countries such as Guyana. No convincing experimental evidence has yet been presented to confirm the value of any of these methods, however, and current field practice is restricted to selection and occasional roguing. Cassava Bacterial Blight* Scientific Name. Cassava is a root vegetable of which the roots have a similar shape to sweet potatoes. Take a trip around the world in this study of global cuisine. Gondwe et al. Cassava mosaic viruses belong to the genus Begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae which comprises viruses with single-stranded circular DNA genomes that are transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) whiteflies.

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